What is it?
What it is
1Maitake is the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa. Current listed products are whole-fruiting-body capsules. Research extracts or polysaccharide fractions should not be assumed to match an ordinary mushroom capsule.
Names, aliases and forms
Mechanisms of action
Specialized fractions are not interchangeable
3Human research often concerns specialized maitake polysaccharide fractions. It does not establish the composition or effect of every mushroom powder or capsule.
Preclinical leads are not cognitive evidence
6Animal and cell research can suggest research questions, but it does not establish cognitive benefits in people.
Potential effects and evidence map
Human maitake studies are small, heterogeneous, and commonly use specialized polysaccharide fractions in clinical populations. This does not establish benefits for consumer whole-fruiting-body capsules, especially for focus, memory, or mood.
Human cognitive benefit has not been established; available brain-related findings are preclinical.
Safety, side effects and risk profile
Small human studies reported generally mild tolerability issues, including nausea in one breast-cancer trial participant.
Human safety data are sparse for concentrated maitake extracts during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
Different extracts, fractions, powders, and capsule products may not match the formulations used in human studies.
Small clinical studies of specialized fractions reported some mild reactions. Those reports do not predict tolerability for every consumer product.
A small study in myelodysplastic syndrome reported immune-cell findings and asymptomatic eosinophilia. This is clinical-population context, not a consumer-capsule outcome.
MSKCC cites a case report of INR elevation with maitake extract and warfarin. This is a reason for medicine-specific clinical review, not a quantified risk for every consumer.
MSKCC advises caution because maitake may lower blood glucose. This is most relevant to people using glucose-lowering medicines or managing hypoglycemia risk.
FAQ
Is maitake a nootropic?
6No established human cognitive benefit supports calling maitake a nootropic. Research in other contexts should not be translated to focus, memory, or mood claims.
References
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Maitake. About Herbs database.
- Ulbricht C, Weissner W, Basch E, et al. Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa): systematic review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Soc Integr Oncol. 2009;7(2):66-72.
- Deng G, Lin H, Seidman A, et al. A phase I/II trial of a polysaccharide extract from Grifola frondosa in breast cancer patients: immunological effects. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2009;135(9):1215-1221.
- Wesa KM, Cunningham-Rundles S, Klimek VM, et al. Maitake mushroom extract in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): a phase II study. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2015;64(2):237-247.
- Chen JT, Tominaga K, Sato Y, Anzai H, Matsuoka R. Maitake mushroom extract induces ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16(12):1295-1299.
- Chen Z, Tang Y, Liu A, et al. Oral administration of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides improves memory impairment in aged rats via antioxidant action. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(11).
- Nishina A, Kimura H, Sekiguchi A, Fukumoto RH, Nakajima S, Furukawa S. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine in Grifola frondosa as a neurotrophic activator via activation of MAPK. J Lipid Res. 2006;47(7):1434-1443.
- Hanselin MR, Vande Griend JP, Linnebur SA. INR elevation with maitake extract in combination with warfarin. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44(1):223-224.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Dietary Supplements.